 |
 |
 |
What is hydrogen?
Why is hydrogen?
In History
In Chemistry
The Atom
Atomic weight
Isolution
Uses Uses
in IC Engines Fuel
cells
The Perodic
Table Of The Elememts |
|
|
|
What is hydrogen?
Why is hydrogen?
In History
In Chemistry
The Atom
Atomic weight
Isolution
Uses Uses
in IC Engines Fuel
cells
The Perodic
Table Of The Elememts |
Electron
binding energies
|
All values of electron binding energies are given in eV. The binding
energies are quoted relative to the vacuum level for rare gases and H2,
N2, O2, F2, and Cl2 molecules; relative to the Fermi level for metals;
and relative to the top of the valence band for semiconductors.
I am grateful to Gwyn Williams (Brookhaven National Laboratory, USA) who
provided the electron binding energydata. The data are adapted from references
1-3. They are tabulated elsewhere on the WWW (reference 4) and in paper
form (reference 5).
|
References
|
1. J. A. Bearden and A. F. Burr, "Reevaluation of X-Ray Atomic Energy
Levels," Rev. Mod. Phys., 1967, 39, 125.
2. M. Cardona and L. Ley, Eds., Photoemission in Solids I: General Principles (Springer-Verlag, Berlin) with additional corrections, 1978. 3. J. C. Fuggle and N. Martensson, "Core-Level Binding Energies in Metals," J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1980, 21, 275. 4. D.R. Lide, (ed.) in Chemical Rubber Company handbook of chemistry and physics, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, 79th edition, 1998. |